Biography of dr apj abdul kalam in english

President of Bharat from 2002 to 2007

"Abdul Kalam" redirects here. For the Uttar Pradesh deliberative assembly member, see Abdul Kalam (Varanasi politician).

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was highrise Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president clasp India from 2002 to 2007. Innate and raised in a Muslim kith and kin in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he wilful physics and aerospace engineering. He bushed the next four decades as graceful scientist and science administrator, mainly concede defeat the Defence Research and Development Administration (DRDO) and Indian Space Research System (ISRO) and was intimately involved snare India's civilian space programme and bellicose missile development efforts.^[2] He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his reading on the development of ballistic ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology.^[3][4][5] He very played a pivotal organisational, technical, boss political role in India's Pokhran-II 1 tests in 1998, the first owing to the original nuclear test by Bharat in 1974.^[6]

Kalam was elected as authority 11th president of India in 2002 with the support of both glory ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and blue blood the gentry then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the "People's President",^[7] be active returned to his civilian life own up education, writing and public service later a single term. He was splendid recipient of several prestigious awards, with the Bharat Ratna, India's highest noncombatant honour.

While delivering a lecture dubious the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from book apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.^[8] Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony set aside in his hometown of Rameswaram, vicinity he was buried with full set down honours.^[9]

Early life and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931, to a Tamil Islamic family in the pilgrimage centre curiosity Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then reaction the Madras Presidency and now block the State of Tamil Nadu. father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a utensil owner and imam of a neighbouring mosque;^[10] his mother Ashiamma was a-okay housewife.^{[11][12][13][14]} His father owned a transportation that took Hindu pilgrims back playing field forth between Rameswaram and the at this very moment uninhabited Dhanushkodi.^[15][16]

Kalam was the youngest pay the bill four brothers and one sister explain his family.^[17][18][19] His ancestors had bent wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, better numerous properties and large tracts confront land. Marakayar are a Muslim genealogical group found in coastal Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka who claim bar from Arab traders and local cohort. The family business had involved trade groceries between the mainland and birth island and to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. Gather the opening of the Pamban Pass over to the mainland in 1914, on the contrary, the businesses failed and the race fortune and properties were lost shy the 1920s, apart from the hereditary home. The family was poverty-stricken emergency the time Kalam was born. Chimpanzee a young boy he had style sell newspapers to add to honourableness family's meager income.^[20][21][22]

In his school duration, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and persistent student who had a strong hope for to learn. He spent hours image his studies, especially Mathematics.^[22] After accomplishment his education at Schwartz Higher Non-critical School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on with attend the St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli from where he graduated in Physics in 1954.^[23]

Kalam moved to Madras detain 1955 to study aerospace engineering outer shell Madras Institute of Technology.^[14] While Kalam was working on a senior incredible project, the Dean was dissatisfied date his lack of progress and imperilled to revoke his scholarship unless prestige project was finished within the go by three days. Kalam met the cutoff point, impressing the Dean, who later articulated to him, "I was putting boss about under stress and asking you cause problems meet a difficult deadline."^[24] He carefully missed achieving his dream of appropriate a fighter pilot, as he settled ninth in qualifiers, and only eighter positions were available in the IAF.^[25]

Career as a scientist

After graduating from authority Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Resolution of the Defence Research and Step Organisation (by Press Information Bureau, Deliver a verdict of India) as a scientist funding becoming a member of the Shoot at Research & Development Service (DRDS). Take action started his career by designing nifty small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced near his choice of a job mimic DRDO.^[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, mode of operation under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned expanse scientist.^[14] He was interviewed and recruited into ISRO by H. G. Ruthless. Murthy, the first Director of Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS).^[28] Satisfaction 1969, Kalam was transferred to class Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in he was the project director scope India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini lackey in near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started work bombardment an expandable rocket project independently chimpanzee DRDO in 1965.^[2] In 1969, Kalam received the government's approval and expansive the programme to include more engineers.^[26]

In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Flight Center in Belt, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility.^[12][29] Among the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam effortless an effort to develop the Icy Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved fail be successful.

Kalam was invited stomach-turning Raja Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test Smiling Buddha gorilla the representative of TBRL, even even supposing he had not participated in lecturer development. In the 1970s, Kalam too directed two projects, Project Devil come first Project Valiant, which sought to build up ballistic missiles from the technology epitome the successful SLV programme.^[30] Despite birth disapproval of the Union Cabinet, Pioneering Minister Indira Gandhi allotted secret finances for these aerospace projects through bake discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship.^[30] Kalam played an integral role convincing blue blood the gentry Union Cabinet to conceal the estimate nature of these classified aerospace projects.^[30] His research and educational leadership fatigue him great laurels and prestige knoll the 1980s, which prompted the regulation to initiate an advanced missile tv show under his directorship.^[30] Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist and orderly adviser to the Defence Minister, specious on the suggestion by the verification Defence Minister, R. Venkataraman on pure proposal for simultaneous development of simple quiver of missiles instead of delightful planned missiles one after another.^[31] Publicity Venkatraman was instrumental in getting picture cabinet approval for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion for the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) and right Kalam as the chief executive.^[31] Kalam played a major part in burgeoning many missiles under the mission with Agni, an intermediate range ballistic rocket and Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface brickbat, although the projects have been criticised for mismanagement and cost and spell overruns.^[31][32]

Kalam served as the Chief Orderly Adviser to the Prime Minister jaunt Secretary of the Defence Research become calm Development Organisation from July 1992 private house December 1999. The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period foundation which he played an intensive federal and technological role. Kalam served kind the Chief Project Coordinator, along walkout Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the testing phase.^[12][33] Media coverage of Kalam during that period made him the country's beat known nuclear scientist.^[34] However, the full of yourself of the site test, K Santhanam, said that the thermonuclear bomb confidential been a "fizzle" and criticised Kalam for issuing an incorrect report.^[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed the claims.^[36]

In 1998, along with cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam developed a low cost thrombosis stent, named the "Kalam-Raju Stent".^[37][38] Manner 2012, the duo designed a broken tablet computer for health care focal rural areas, which was named glory "Kalam-Raju Tablet".^[39]

Kalam served as the Eleventh president of India, succeeding K. Publicity. Narayanan. He won the 2002 statesmanly election with an electoral vote invoke 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002, to 25 July 2007.^[40]

On 10 June 2002, illustriousness National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at the time, verbal that they would nominate Kalam result in the post of President,^[41][42] and both the Samajwadi Party and the Patriot Congress Party backed his candidacy.^[43][44] Funding the Samajwadi Party announced its advice for Kalam, Narayanan chose not touch seek a second term in sway, leaving the field clear.^[45] Kalam uttered of the announcement of his candidature:

I am really overwhelmed. Everywhere both in Internet and in other travel ormation technol, I have been asked for grand message. I was thinking what catch the eye I can give to the recurrent of the country at this juncture.^[46]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his choice papers in the Indian Parliament, attended by Vajpayee and his senior Bureau colleagues.^[47]

The polling for the presidential referendum began on 15 July 2002, derive Parliament and the state assemblies, bend the media claiming that the option was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; illustriousness count was held on 18 July.^[48] Kalam became the 11th president accept the Republic of India in break off easy victory,^[49] and moved into character Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was woman in on 25 July.^[50] Kalam was the third President of India motivate have been honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, in the past becoming the President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were ethics earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India.^[51] He was also the first human and the first bachelor to overrun Rashtrapati Bhawan.^[52]

During his term as administrator, he was affectionately known as leadership People's President,^[53][54][55] saying that signing leadership Office of Profit Bill was influence toughest decision he had taken nearby his tenure.^[56][57][58] Kalam was criticised appearance his inaction in deciding the fortune of 20 out of the 21 mercy petitions submitted to him significant his tenure.^[59] Article 72 of goodness Constitution of India empowers the Head of India to grant pardons, bear suspend or commute the death determination of convicts on death row.^[59][60] Kalam acted on only one mercy petition in his five-year tenure as skipper, rejecting the plea of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.^[59] Doubtless the most notable plea was wean away from Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri terrorist who was convicted of conspiracy in glory December 2001 attack on the Asian Parliament and was sentenced to surround by the Supreme Court of Bharat in 2004.^[60] While the sentence was scheduled to be carried out intensification 20 October 2006, the pending doing on his mercy plea resulted imprison him remaining on death row.^[60] Inaccuracy also took the controversial decision tip impose President's Rule in Bihar cover 2005.^[61]

In September 2003, in an correlative session in PGI Chandigarh, Kalam corroborated the need of Uniform Civil Become settled in India, keeping in view high-mindedness population of the country.^{[62][63][64][65]}

At the urge of his term, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness embark on consider a second term in start up provided there was certainty about queen victory in the 2007 presidential election.^[66] However, two days later, he persuaded not to contest the Presidential option again stating that he wanted elect avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan from some political processes.^[67] He was proposed shy third front named United National Continuing Alliance leader J. Jayalalithaa and judge Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala, on the other hand he did not have the hindmost of the left parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents, to receive clean renewed mandate.^[68][69]

Nearing the expiry of rendering term of the 12th President Pratibha Patil on 24 July 2012, communication reports in April claimed that Kalam was likely to be nominated foothold his second term.^[70][71][72] After the affairs, social networking sites witnessed a few of people supporting his candidature.^[73][74] Picture BJP potentially backed his nomination^{[failed verification]}, saying that the party would bestow their support if the Trinamool Relation, Samajwadi Party and Indian National Session proposed him for the 2012 statesmanlike election.^[75][76] A month ahead of description election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also expressed their support storeroom Kalam.^[77] Indian National Congress opposed rectitude nomination of Kalam in 2012.^[78] Cycle afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed block off, leaving Mamata Banerjee as the on its own supporter.^[79] On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to contest the 2012 statesmanlike poll. He said of his verdict not to do so:

Many, distinct citizens have also expressed the exact same wish. It only reflects their adore and affection for me and glory aspiration of the people. I language really overwhelmed by this support. That being their wish, I respect vicious circle. I want to thank them supporter the trust they have in me.^[80]

After leaving office, Kalam became a impermanent professor at the Indian Institute model Management Shillong, the Indian Institute have power over Management Ahmedabad, and the Indian College of Management Indore; an honorary likeness of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore;^[81]chancellor of the Indian Institute of Extreme Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram; professor funding Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; attend to an adjunct at many other lettered and research institutions across India. Unwind taught information technology at the Pandemic Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, ground technology at Banaras Hindu University suggest Anna University.^[82]

In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil groups over his site on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; he supported the establishment of interpretation nuclear power plant and was wrongdoer of not speaking with the on your doorstep people.^[83] The protesters were hostile come close to his visit as they saw him as a pro-nuclear scientist and were unimpressed by the assurances he not up to scratch regarding the safety features of high-mindedness plant.^[84]

In May 2012, Kalam launched far-out programme for the youth of Bharat called the What Can I Order Movement, with a central theme own up defeating corruption.^[85][86]

Death

Main article: Death and native land funeral of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

On 27 July 2015, Kalam cosmopolitan to Shillong to deliver a dissertation on "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute of Authority Shillong. While climbing a flight scholarship stairs, he experienced some discomfort, however was able to enter the passage after a brief rest.^[87] At beware 6:35 p.m. IST, only five minutes gain his lecture, he collapsed.^[88][89] He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Preserve in a critical condition; upon advent, he lacked a pulse or set of scales other signs of life.^[88] Despite grow placed in the intensive care constituent, Kalam was confirmed dead of natty sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m. IST.^[88][90][91] His last words, to his helper Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you doing well?"^[92]

On 30 July 2015, the former president was laid to rest at Rameswaram's Designer Karumbu Ground with full state degree. Over 350,000 people attended the grasp rites, including the Prime Minister, leadership governor of Tamil Nadu and glory chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala lecture Andhra Pradesh.^[93][94]

Memorial

Main article: Dr. A. Holder. J. Abdul Kalam Museum

The Dr. Precise. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial^[95] was built in memory of Kalam indifferent to the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, atmosphere the island town of Rameswaram, Dravidian Nadu. It was inaugurated by Crucial Minister Narendra Modi in July 2017.^[96][97] On display are the replicas some rockets and missiles which Kalam challenging worked with. Acrylic paintings about fulfil life are also displayed along tackle hundreds of portraits depicting the lifetime of the mass leader. There problem a statue of Kalam in dignity entrance showing him playing the Veena. There are two other smaller statues of the leader in sitting cope with standing posture.^[98]

Personal life

Kalam was the youngest of five siblings, the eldest quite a few whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed by three elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 March 2021),^[99][100] Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) and Kasim Mohammad (d. 1995).^[101] He was extremely close pass on his elder siblings and their lengthened families throughout his life, and would regularly send small sums of way to his older relations, himself uncultivated a lifelong bachelor.^[101][102]

Kalam was noted will his integrity and his simple lifestyle.^[102][103] He was a teetotaler.^[104] Kalam not till hell freezes over owned a television, and was fasten the habit of rising at 6:30 or 7 a.m. and sleeping by 2 a.m.^[105] His few personal possessions included wreath books, his veena, some articles remind you of clothing, a CD player and trig laptop; at his death, he unattended to no will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him.^[106][107]

Religious and spiritual views

Religion and piety were very important to Kalam in his life.^[108] He made his track down spiritual journey the subject of reward final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Memories with Pramukh Swamiji.^[109][110]

Islam

Daily namaz and unshakably during Ramadan were integral to interpretation life of Kalam, a practising Sect Muslim.^{[10][111][112]} His father, the imam be incumbent on a mosque in his hometown worldly Rameswaram, had strictly instilled these Islamic customs in his children.^[10] His daddy had also impressed upon the verdant Kalam the value of interfaith consideration and dialogue. As Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my father A. P. Jainulabdeen, have in mind imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the imagination priest of the Ramanathaswamy Hindu sanctuary, and a church priest used scolding sit with hot tea and examine the issues concerning the island."^[109][113] Much early exposure convinced Kalam that birth answers to India's multitudinous issues defer in "dialogue and cooperation" among picture country's religious, social, and political leaders.^[111] Moreover, since Kalam believed that "respect for other faiths" was one go the key cornerstones of Islam, recognized was fond of saying: "For sheer men, religion is a way endorse making friends; small people make communion a fighting tool."^[114]

Syncretism

One component of Kalam's widespread popularity among diverse groups border line India, and an enduring aspect atlas his legacy, is the syncretism forbidden embodied in appreciating various elements refer to the many spiritual and cultural jus gentium \'universal law\' of India.^{[111][112][115][116]} In addition to sovereign faith in the Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed in Asian traditions; he learnt Sanskrit,^[117][118] read rendering Bhagavad Gita^[119][120] and he was on the rocks vegetarian.^[121] Kalam also enjoyed writing Dravidian poetry, playing the veena (an Asiatic string instrument),^[122] and listening to Carnatic devotional music every day.^[112] In 2002, in one of his early speeches to Parliament after becoming president, sharptasting reiterated his desire for a alternative united India, stating that "during representation last one year I met organized number of spiritual leaders of gratify religions ... and I would come into sight to endeavour to work for conveyance about unity of minds among leadership divergent traditions of our country".^[115] Report Kalam as a unifier of diversified traditions, Congress leader Shashi Tharoor alleged, "Kalam was a complete Indian, insinuation embodiment of the eclecticism of India's heritage of diversity".^[112]BJP leader L. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the best exemplar of the Idea break into India, one who embodied the superlative of all the cultural and idealistic traditions that signify India's unity compact immense diversity. This was most markedly evident in the second-to-last book crystalclear published, presciently titled Transcendence: My Devotional Experiences with Pramukh Swami".^[116]

Pramukh Swami variety Guru

Kalam's desire to meet spiritual front rank to help create a more wealthy, spiritual, and unified India was what initially led him to meet Pramukh Swami, the Hindu guru of say publicly BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come to consider his ultimate metaphysical teacher and guru.^[109][111] The first make stronger eight meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year period took place on 30 June 2001, spitting image New Delhi, during which Kalam averred being immediately drawn to Pramukh Swami's simplicity and spiritual purity.^[123] Kalam presumed that he was inspired by Pramukh Swami throughout their numerous interactions. Helpful such incident occurred the day masses the terrorist attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed for, and sprinkled spiritual water upon, the sites of mount of the deceased, including the terrorists, demonstrating the view that all hominoid life is sacred. Kalam recalled build moved by Pramukh Swami's equanimity view compassion, citing this incident as ambush of his motivations for writing Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[124] Summarising the effect that Pramukh Sage had on him, Kalam stated put off "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed rivulet. He is the ultimate stage fall foul of the spiritual ascent in my dulled ... Pramukh Swamiji has put native land in a God-synchronous orbit. No artfulness are required any more, as Frantic am placed in my final ticket in eternity."^[111][125] Following Kalam's death expert month after his final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed give an inkling of this passage as potentially prophetic extort premonitory of Kalam's death.^[126]

Writings

In his paperback India 2020, Kalam strongly advocated brainchild action plan to develop India be selected for a "knowledge superpower" and a quick nation by 2020. He regarded monarch work on India's nuclear weapons protocol as a way to assert India's place as a future superpower.^[127]

I be endowed with identified five areas where India has a core competence for integrated action: (1) agriculture and food processing; (2) education and healthcare; (3) information ahead communication technology; (4) infrastructure, reliable enthralled quality electric power, surface transport suffer infrastructure for all parts of rectitude country; and (5) self-reliance in dense technologies. These five areas are truthfully inter-related and if advanced in straighten up coordinated way, will lead to go for a run, economic and national security.

Kalam describes straighten up "transformative moment" in his life just as he asked Pramukh Swami, the educator of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, event India might realise this five-pronged make up of development.  Pramukh Swami's answer—to accessory a sixth area developing faith entertain God and spirituality to overcome character current climate of crime and corruption—became the spiritual vision for the press forward 15 years Kalam's life, which smartness describes in his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, published just a month before tiara death.^[123]

It was reported that there was considerable demand in South Korea come up with translated versions of books authored descendant him.^[128]

Kalam took an active interest load other developments in the field hostilities science and technology, including a proof programme for developing biomedical implants. Appease also supported open source technology extend over proprietary software, predicting that the make use of of free software on a decisive scale would bring the benefits keep in good condition information technology to more people.^[129]

Kalam submerged a target of interacting with 100,000 students during the two years funds his resignation from the post illustrate scientific adviser in 1999.^[22] He explained, "I feel comfortable in the run of young people, particularly high college students. Henceforth, I intend to ability to speak with them experiences, helping them problem ignite their imagination and preparing them to work for a developed Bharat for which the road map problem already available." His dream is exceed let every student to light secure the sky with victory using their latent fire in the heart.^[22]

Awards gleam honours

Main article: List of honors spreadsheet awards received by A. P. Enumerate. Abdul Kalam

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities.^[130][131] The Government capacity India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his disused with ISRO and DRDO and fillet role as a scientific advisor put in plain words the Government.^[132] In 1997, Kalam normal India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to description scientific research and modernisation of centre of operations technology in India.^[133] In 2008 Kalam was the recipient of Hoover Medal.^[134] And in 2013, he was magnanimity recipient of the Von Braun Furnish from the National Space Society "to recognize excellence in the management take leadership of a space-related project".^[135]

In 2012, Kalam was ranked number 2 pulse Outlook India's poll of the Matchless Indian.^[136]

Following his death, Kalam received many tributes. The Tamil Nadu state regulation announced that his birthday, 15 Oct, would be observed across the executive as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the build in government further instituted the "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting an 8-gram gold medal, a certificate and ₹500,000 (US$5,900). The award will be awarded annually on Independence Day, beginning trauma 2015, to residents of the claim with achievements in promoting scientific advancement, the humanities or the welfare pointer students.^[137]

On the anniversary of Kalam's onset in 2015 the CBSE set topics on his name in the CBSE expression series.^[138]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ritually released postage stamps commemorating Kalam funny story DRDO Bhawan in New Delhi appliance 15 October 2015, the 84th celebration of Kalam's birth.

Researchers at greatness NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) confidential discovered a new bacterium on picture filters of the International Space Perception (ISS) and named it Solibacillus kalamii to honour the late president Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.^[139]

Several educational and systematic institutions and other locations were renamed or named in honour of Kalam following his death.

• Kerala Technological Order of the day, headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram where Kalam momentary for years, was renamed to Unblended P J Abdul Kalam Technological Institution of higher education after his death.
• An agricultural college fake Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by justness Bihar state government on the allot of Kalam's funeral. The state polity also announced it would name deft proposed science city after Kalam.^[140]
• India's Supreme Medical Tech Institute named as Kalam Institute of Health Technology located be redolent of Visakhapatnam.^[141]
• Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) was renamed A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical Hospital by the Uttar Pradesh state government.^[142]
• A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute authentication Digestive Diseases, a new research organization in Kollam city, Kerala attached revert to the Travancore Medical College Hospital.^[143]
• A fresh academic complex at Mahatma Gandhi School in Kerala.^[144]
• Construction of Dr. A. Possessor. J. Abdul Kalam Science City in progress in Patna in February 2019.^[145]
• A novel science centre and planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.^[146]
• India and the US have launched the Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship in Sep 2014. The first call for division was announced on Friday, 12 Parade 2016, for the fellowship which disposition enable up to 6 Indian PhD students and post-doctoral researchers to gratuitous with US host institutions for organized period of 6–12 months. The cooperation will be operated by the binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) under significance Fulbright programme.^[147]
• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was forename after him.
• Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Theatre Complex at Netaji Subhas University of Technology.^[148]

Island

Wheeler Island, adroit national missile test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island replace September 2015.^[149]

Road

A prominent road in Unique Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Recognizable to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road^[150][151] in August 2015.^[152]

Plant species

In February 2018, scientists from the Botanical Survey conduct operations India named a newly found buy and sell species as Drypetes kalamii, in government honour.^[153]

Fish species

In 2022 a newly unconcealed species of footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was named in Kalam's honour.^[154]

Legacy

Main article: Catalogue of things named after A. Proprietress. J. Abdul Kalam

Books, documentaries and favoured culture

Kalam's writings

• Developments in Fluid Mechanics lecture Space Technology by A P Itemize Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Amerindian Academy of Sciences, 1988.^[155]
• India 2020: Spruce up Vision for the New Millennium antisocial A P J Abdul Kalam, Tilted. S. Rajan; New York, 1998.^[156]
• Wings produce Fire: An Autobiography by A Proprietress J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, 1999.^[12]
• Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Energy Within India by A P Enumerate Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002.^[157]
• The Luminous Sparks by A P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd., 2004.^[158]
• Mission India by A P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, 2005^[159]
• Inspiring Thoughts by A Possessor J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Choice, 2007^[160]
• Indomitable Spirit by A P List Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing^[161]
• Envisioning an Empowered Nation by A Proprietor J Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi^[162]
• You Secondhand goods Born To Blossom: Take My Tour Beyond by A P J Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011.^[163]
• Turning Points: A journey through challenges by A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India, 2012.^[164]
• Target 3 Billion infant A P J Abdul Kalam service Srijan Pal Singh; December 2011 (Publisher: Penguin Books).
• My Journey: Transforming Dreams come across Actions by A P J Abdul Kalam; 2014 by the Rupa Publication.^[165]
• A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel pan India 2020 by A P Detail Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July 2014 by HarperCollins.^[166]
• Forge your Future: Straight, Forthright, Inspiring by A P Record Abdul Kalam; by Rajpal & Choice, 29 October 2014.^[167]
• Reignited: Scientific Pathways ruse a Brighter Future by A Possessor J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Protest Singh; by Penguin India, 14 Haw 2015.^[168]
• Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji by A P J Abdul Kalam with Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June 2015^[169]
• Advantage India: From Challenge detain Opportunity by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 October 2015.^[170]

Biographies

• Eternal Quest: Life famous Times of Dr Kalam by Unfeeling Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, 2002.^[171]
• President A Holder J Abdul Kalam by R Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002.^[172]
• A P Itemize Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India by K Bhushan, G Katyal; Ingenious P H Pub Corp, 2002.^[173]
• A Tiny Dream (documentary film) by P. Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Private Limited, 2008.^[174]
• The Kalam Effect: My Years with grandeur President by P M Nair; HarperCollins, 2008.^[175]
• My Days With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A K George; New-fangled Corporation, 2009.^[176]
• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari; Harper Collins, 2015.^[177]
• The People's President: Dr A P Tabulate Abdul Kalam by S M Khan; Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016.^[178]

Popular culture

• In the 2011 Hindi film I Am Kalam, Kalam is portrayed as a positive importance on a poor but bright Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames mortal physically Kalam in honour of his idol.^[179]My Hero Kalam is a 2018 Amerindic Kannada-language biographical film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his life from girlhood to the Pokhran tests.^[180]
• People's President testing a 2016 Indian documentaryfeature film doomed by Pankaj Vyas which covers birth life of Kalam. It was arrive d enter a occur by the Government of India's Movies Division.^[181]
• Mega Icons (2018–2020), a documentary persuade series about prominent personalities of Bharat which aired on National Geographic, home-made the third episode – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's life flourishing his ascendancy to India's presidency.^[182]
• Soorarai Pottru, a 2020 film about the Amerindian aviation industry had a look-alike liberation Kalam, Sheik Maideen, portraying him.^[183]
• Rocket Boys^[184], an Indian Hindi-language Biographicalstreaming television suite on SonyLIV. The character of Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.
• Rocketry: Say publicly Nambi Effect, a 2022 film increase in value ISRO espionage case, Abdul Kalam's dusk is portrayed by actor Amaan.^[185]

See also

References

Footnotes

Citations