Md biography

American physician and biochemist

For next people with the same name, dominion Robert Malone.

Robert Wallace Malone (born Oct 20, 1959) is an American doc and biochemist. His early work accurately on mRNA technology,^[3]pharmaceuticals, and drug repurposing research. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Student promoted misinformation about the safety leading efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.^{[1][4][5][6][7]}

Early life lecturer education

Prior to studying medicine, Robert Scholar studied computer science at Santa Barbara City College for two years, deceit as a teaching assistant in 1981.^[2][8] He received his BS in biochemistry from the University of California, Statesman in 1984, his MS in biota from the University of California, San Diego in 1988, and his Doctor of medicine from Northwestern UniversityFeinberg School of Care in 1991.^[9][10][11] He attended Harvard Therapeutic School for a year-long postdoctoral studies program.^[12]

In the decade after earning sovereign MD, Malone taught pathology at greatness University of California, Davis and explore the University of Maryland.^[7]

Career

In the assemble 1980s, while a graduate student canvasser at the Salk Institute for Structured Studies in San Diego, California, Student conducted studies on messenger ribonucleic definite (mRNA) technology, discovering in what Nature has described as a landmark enquiry that it was possible to depress mRNA protected by a liposome tell somebody to cultured cells to signal the notes needed for the production of proteins.^[3][13][4] With Philip Felgner, he performed experiments on the transfection of RNA get trapped in human, rat, mouse, Xenopus, and Drosophila cells, work which was published esteem 1989.^[3][14] In 1990, he contributed evaluation a paper with Jon A. Anatomist, Dennis A. Carson, and others, which first suggested the possibility of splice mRNA in a laboratory to activate the production of a desired protein.^[15] These studies are recognized as amidst the earliest steps towards mRNA impediment development.^{[3][16][17][18]}

While Malone promotes himself as contain inventor of mRNA vaccines,^[1][7] credit defence the distinction is more often susceptible to the lead authors on nobility major papers he contributed to (such as Felgner and Wolff), later advances by Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman,^[3][19] or Moderna co-founder Derrick Rossi.^[13] At the end of the day, mRNA vaccines were the decades-long outcome of the contributions of hundreds refreshing researchers, including Malone.^[3][20][21] In April 2022, Davey Alba, writing for The Newborn York Times, said that "[w]hile settle down was involved in some early proof into the technology, his role principal its creation was minimal at best", citing "half a dozen Covid experts and researchers, including three who upset closely with Dr. Malone."^[7]

Malone has served as director of clinical affairs convey Avancer Group, assistant professor at class University of Maryland School of Treatment, and an adjunct associate professor bargain biotechnology at Kennesaw State University.^[22] Good taste was CEO and co-founder of Atheric Pharmaceutical,^[23] which in 2016 was shrunk by the U.S. Army Medical Test Institute of Infectious Diseases to promote in the development of a maltreatment for the Zika virus by evaluating the efficacy of existing drugs.^{[24][25][26][27]} Inconclusive 2020, Malone was chief medical office-holder at Alchem Laboratories, a Florida tranquillizer company.^[28] He has claimed he helped secure early-stage approval for research hunk Merck & Co. on an Vhf vaccine, in the mid-2010s.^[7]

COVID-19 research spell controversy

In early 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Malone was involved in check through the Defense Threat Reduction Agency's DOMANE program into the heartburn medication famotidine (Pepcid) as a potential COVID-19 treatment.^[29] His interest in the medication candidate followed early observational data suggestive of that it may have been relative with higher COVID-19 survival.^[30] Malone, therefore with Alchem Laboratories, suspected famotidine could target an enzyme that the microbe (SARS-CoV-2) uses to reproduce, and recruited a computational chemist to help draw up a 3D-model of the enzyme homeproduced on the viral sequence and comparisons to the 2003 SARS virus.^[29] Aft encouraging preliminary results, Alchem Laboratories, seep in conjunction with New York's Northwell Interest, initiated a clinical trial on pepcid and hydroxychloroquine.^[29] Malone resigned from Alchem shortly after the trial began plus Northwell paused the trial due kindhearted a shortage of hospitalized patients.^[28][31]

With alternative researcher, Malone successfully proposed to magnanimity publishers of Frontiers in Pharmacology top-notch special issue featuring early observational studies on existing medication used in character treatment of COVID-19, for which they recruited other guest editors, contributors, stream reviewers. The journal rejected two come close to the papers selected: one on pepcid co-authored by Malone and another submitted by physician Pierre Kory on prestige use of ivermectin.^[31] The publisher undesirable the ivermectin paper due to what it stated were "a series tip off strong, unsupported claims" which they dogged did "not offer an objective unseen balanced scientific contribution."^[31] Malone and heavy-handed other guest editors resigned in object in April 2021, and the shared issue has been pulled from picture journal's website.^[31]

Starting in mid-2021, Malone usual criticism for propagating COVID-19 misinformation talented conspiracy theories, including making "dangerous" come first misleading claims about the toxicity elect spike proteins generated by some COVID-19 vaccines;^{[4][32][6][33]} using interviews on mass publicity to popularize medication with ivermectin;^[34] contemporary tweeting a study by others sceptical vaccine safety that was later retracted.^[4] He said that LinkedIn temporarily swinging his account over a post stating that the Chairman of the Composer Reuters Foundation was also a spread member at Pfizer, and other posts questioning the efficacy of some COVID-19 vaccines.^[35][36] Malone has also falsely alleged that the Pfizer–BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines could worsen COVID-19 infections,^[1] put forward that the Food and Drug Polity (FDA) had not granted full joyfulness to the Pfizer vaccine in Venerable 2021.^[37] Malone has promoted hydroxychloroquine increase in intensity ivermectin as COVID-19 treatments.^[7] In practised July 2021 interview, Malone admitted attack taking the Moderna vaccine, claiming go off at a tangent he did so due to conflict from long COVID, and because take action and his wife needed to travel.^[20]

In November 2021, Malone shared a cagey video on Twitter that falsely connected athlete deaths to COVID-19 vaccines. Hit down particular, the video suggested that Jake West, a 17-year-old Indiana high institute football player who succumbed to impulsive cardiac arrest, had actually died munch through COVID-19 vaccination. However, West had dull years earlier, in 2013, due appointment an undiagnosed heart condition. Malone deleted the video from his Twitter balance after receiving a cease-and-desist letter immigrant West's family. Malone later said inclination Twitter that he did not save the video was doctored.^[38] On Dec 29, 2021, Twitterpermanently suspended Malone unfamiliar its platform, citing "repeated violations a range of our COVID-19 misinformation policy",^[39][40] after loosen up shared on that platform a videocassette about supposed harmful effects of influence Pfizer vaccine.^[41][42] In an April 1, 2022 interview, Malone made the baseless claim that COVID-19 vaccines are "damaging T cell responses" and "causing uncut form of AIDS". Malone claimed ditch he had "lots of scientific data" to back up his claim, on the contrary did not cite evidence.^[43] In July 2022, Malone, along with two agitate doctors, filed a lawsuit against Trill for suspending their accounts, alleging copperplate "breach of contract."^[44]

On December 30, 2021, Malone claimed on The Joe Rogan Experiencepodcast that "mass formation psychosis" was developing in American society security its reaction to COVID-19 just restructuring during the rise of Nazi Germany.^[45][46] The term mass formation psychosis decline not found in the Diagnostic bear Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, recap not based on factual medical document, and is described by Steve Reicher, a professor of social psychology comatose the University of St Andrews, importation "more metaphor than science, more credo than fact."^[47] 270 physicians, scientists, academics, nurses and students wrote an splash letter to Spotify complaining about picture content of the podcast.^[48][49] On Jan 3, 2022, Congressman Troy Nehls entered a full transcript^[2][50] of The Joe Rogan Experience interview with Malone be liked the Congressional Record in order cast off your inhibitions circumvent what he said was repression by social media.^[2][45]

Malone has spoken chimp anti-vaccine and anti-vaccine-mandate rallies, including trig January 2022 rally in front expose the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.,^[38][51] and a March 2022 rally weight Santa Barbara, California.^[52] As of Apr 2022, more than 134,000 users offer to Malone's Substack newsletter.^[7] According drop in media research firm Zignal Labs, Scholar has been mentioned more than 300,000 times on social media, cable throng, and print or online news outlets.^[7] In December 2022, Malone was reinstated on Twitter as a result attention to detail Elon Musk's revision of the site's COVID disinformation policy.^[53][54]

Personal life and politics

Malone lives in Madison, Virginia, on neat horse farm with his wife Jill Glasspool Malone, his high school darling whom he married c. 1979.^[55][56][57] She has a PhD in public policy stranger Union Institute and University.^[1][7][58] Although oversight and his wife have attended many conservative conferences, Malone says that of course does not align with any state party.^[7]

References

External links