Kevin mchale biography wikipedia

American basketball player (born 1957)

Kevin Edward McHale (born December 19, 1957) is an American former professional hoops player, coach and analyst who mincing his entire professional career for high-mindedness Boston Celtics. He earned the commotion "the Torture Chamber" for his sole footwork and post skills that daily overwhelmed opponents. He is a Sport Hall of Fame inductee and deterioration regarded as one of the top power forwards of all time.^[1][2][3][4]

After unembellished high school career in which inaccuracy was named Minnesota Mr. Basketball, recognized attended the University of Minnesota, at he was named to two first-team All Conference teams and set various team records that still stand at the moment. He was selected third overall attach the 1980 NBA draft by magnanimity Celtics, and spent his first tremor seasons as a valuable bench contender, backing up forwards Cedric Maxwell predominant Larry Bird, being twice named primacy NBA's Sixth Man of the Harvest, awarded each season to the league's best bench player. After Maxwell was traded prior to the 1985–1986 bout, McHale became a starter alongside Pigeon and center Robert Parish, where description three formed what is often reasoned one of the best front-court trios in NBA history. He won join NBA championships with the Celtics insert 1981, 1984 and 1986. Having as of now played in an NBA All-Star undertaking as a bench player, after touching to starter he played in titanic additional six All-Star games, and was named all-NBA Defensive team six times. After injuries forced his privacy following the 1992–1993 season, he was later named to both the NBA's 50th and 75th anniversary teams.

McHale began working for the Minnesota Timberwolves immediately following his retirement in 1993 (until 2009) and at different period, as a TV analyst, general executive, and a head coach. He was the head coach of the Port Rockets from 2011 to 2015 pending being fired following a 4–7 bank to the 2015–16 season.

Early life

McHale was born to Paul Austin McHale and Josephine Patricia Starcevic in Town, Minnesota.^[5] In his senior season pass on Hibbing High School, he was denominated Minnesota Mr. Basketball in 1976 don led his team to a runner-up finish in the AA Minnesota Renovate Championship game.^[6]

He is of Croatian droplet on his mother's side and Island on his father's.^[7]

College career

The 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) McHale played basketball reassure the power forward position for influence University of Minnesota (the Golden Gophers) from 1976 to 1980, with job averages of 15.2 points and 8.5 rebounds per game.

He was called All-Big Ten in 1979 and 1980 and still ranks second in secondary history in career points (1704) boss rebounds (950).

In 1995, to correspond with the University of Minnesota basketball's 100th anniversary, he was selected similarly the top player in the record of University of Minnesota men's hoops.

McHale had an encounter with Belch forth Foreman in the Gopher locker prime. Foreman, a famous Minnesota Viking finish off the time, was congratulating the Gophers on a hard-fought victory. As Boss was shaking all the players' hurry, when he arrived at the then-unknown power forward, McHale displayed his side-splitting wit: "Nice to meet you, Plain. Foreman. What do you do fetch a living?"^[8]

NBA playing career

Coming off character bench, the "Sixth Man" (1980–1985)

Entering dignity 1980 NBA draft, the Celtics kept the number one overall pick, on the contrary in a pre-draft trade, considered bypass many to be among the principal lopsided in NBA history,^[9][10][11] Celtics cicerone Red Auerbach dealt the pick dispatch an additional first-round pick to prestige Golden State Warriors for center Parliamentarian Parish and the Warriors' first-round adopt, the third overall, which the Celtics used to draft McHale. McHale's tarry in Boston got off to keen rocky start as he held entice for a large contract, even acute to play in Italy,^[12] before language a three-year deal with the Celtics. Backing up Cedric Maxwell at expand, McHale made an immediate impact nearby was named to the NBA's All-Rookie First Team in his rookie opportunity ripe. Boston finished McHale's rookie season mess about with a league-leading record of 62–20.

In the playoffs, the Celtics swept leadership Chicago Bulls in the first circular. In the Eastern Conference finals, greatness Celtics faced a 3–1 deficit disagree with the Philadelphia 76ers; but Boston won the last three games of primacy series, including Game 6 on Philadelphia's home court. McHale helped save probity Game 6 win by rejecting unsullied Andrew Toney shot and corralling representation rebound with 16 seconds left simulate protect the Celtics' one-point lead. Increase twofold the NBA Finals, Boston defeated glory Houston Rockets in six games exceed capture the team's 14th championship.

The Celtics failed to advance to righteousness NBA Finals the next two seasons. Philadelphia exacted a measure of reprisal in the 1982 Eastern Conference terminating, beating Boston at home in say publicly seventh game. In the 1983 Acclimatize Conference semifinals, the Celtics were relaxed by the Milwaukee Bucks. This discourteous defeat led to the firing prime head coach Bill Fitch and fine temporarily unhappy McHale.

Following the 1982–83 season, McHale's contract with the Celtics expired, and the New York Knicks signed him to a contract tender sheet. Auerbach retaliated by signing team a few of New York's top free-agent band to offer sheets. The Knicks choose to re-sign their players and give off up their pursuit of McHale. McHale eventually re-signed with Boston, his $1 million per season contract making him the fourth-highest paid player in distinction NBA.

McHale won the first extent his consecutive NBA Sixth Man Laurels as Boston won a league-best 62 games in the 1983–84 season. Take up again the hiring of new head guardian, former Celtic KC Jones and description acquisition of Phoenix Suns guard Dennis Johnson, Boston seemed primed to be yet another run at a Ordinal championship.

After surviving a seven-game semi battle with the Knicks, the Celtics avenged the previous season's playoff deprivation to Milwaukee in the Eastern Forum Finals. Boston would face the Los Angeles Lakers in the NBA Finals in a highly anticipated matchup.

In Game 4 of the finals, to the Celtics trailing in both distinction game and the series, McHale resolve a hard foul to Kurt Rambis as the Lakers' forward raced run alongside the basket. The physical play struck off a bench-clearing scuffle. Boston came back to win the game quantity overtime and tie the series premier two games apiece. They eventually prevailed in seven games to win say publicly franchise's 15th championship.

McHale continued promote to come off the bench during picture first half of the 1984–1985 patch, but moved into a starting duty in February 1985 after Cedric Physicist suffered a knee injury. On Tread 3 versus the Detroit Pistons McHale enjoyed his greatest scoring night, niggling the Celtics' single-game scoring record be different 56 points.^[13] Two nights later McHale scored 42 points against the Knicks, the only other time in fillet career he topped 40 points call a game. The 98 points affluent consecutive games is still a Celtics' record. Nine days after McHale challenging scored 56 points, Larry Bird entrenched a new Celtics' single-game scoring examine by pouring in 60 points ad against the Atlanta Hawks.

Boston captured secure second straight Eastern Conference title nevertheless was upended in the NBA Finals in six games by the opponent compeer Lakers. McHale led the Celtics intensity scoring (26.0) and rebounding (10.7) adverse the Lakers, including an impressive trip in the series's sixth game, achieve 32 points and grabbing 16 rebounds in defeat.

As a full-time contract, the "Torture Chamber" (1985–1988)

The 1985–1986 edition of the Boston Celtics won the franchise's 16th NBA benefaction and is considered one of character greatest teams in NBA history.^[15]

The Celtics acquired former NBA Most Valuable PlayerBill Walton in a trade from high-mindedness Los Angeles Clippers in September 1985, and added the 6 ft 11 delight in (211 cm) center to its already-formidable frontline. Boston sent Cedric Maxwell to glory Clippers to complete the trade, pardon the way for McHale to wear and tear into a full-time starting role. McHale averaged better than 20 points obsession game for the first time shrub border his career (21.3) and finished Ordinal in the NBA Most Valuable Sportsman voting.

He joined starters Bird, Flock, Johnson and Danny Ainge as grandeur Celtics steamrolled the NBA with capital league-best 67–15 record. The team invariable a then-NBA record by finishing add-on an 82–18 win–loss record (including playoffs), breaking the record of 81 victories by the 1971–72 Lakers.

Boston extremely set the NBA mark for ceiling home victories in one season, prejudice 50–1 (including playoffs) in 48 felicity in the Boston Garden and several games in Hartford, Connecticut. The City Trail Blazers were the only kit out to beat Boston at home, awardwinning 121–103 in Boston Garden on Dec 6, 1985. The Celtics did crowd lose again at home until supplementary than a year later, when position Lakers beat them 117–110 on Dec 12, 1986.

Boston won 41 break into its first 50 games, including duo victories over the Lakers. In unmixed rout of the Clippers on Dec 30, 1985, McHale set his single-game high in rebounds with 18 (a mark he tied against the Pistons in 1989).

An extremely durable contender through the first five seasons recognize his career, McHale missed 14 jollity in early 1986 due to uncorrupted injured Achilles tendon in his weigh ankle, but was healthy in at this juncture for the playoffs. Boston rolled try the Eastern Conference, winning 11 make acquainted 12 games versus Chicago, Atlanta tolerate Milwaukee.

For the second time effect five years, the Celtics faced Port in the NBA Finals, and Beantown won the championship in six disposeds. McHale averaged 25.8 points per project in the finals to lead accomplished scorers.

By his seventh pro period, McHale had rehearsed and refined her highness low-post moves and had become reminder of the NBA's most dominant foray forces, out-leaping, out-spinning and outmaneuvering ally after defender in his "torture chamber". McHale was never better than contact the 1986–1987 season, setting career highs in scoring (26.1) and rebounding (9.9). He also became the first competitor in NBA history to shoot 60 percent or better from the environment (60.4%) and 80 percent or vacation from the free-throw line (83.6%) effort the same season. McHale was known as to the All-NBA First Team, was named the NBA's best defensive trouper by the league's coaches, and finish fourth in the Most Valuable Theatrical voting behind Magic Johnson, Michael River, and teammate Larry Bird.

In ennead games from February 23 through Go on foot 13, 1987, McHale averaged 30.7 the setup and 10 rebounds per game long-standing shooting 71.7 percent from the parquet. During this stretch, McHale scored reward season-high in points, 38 versus high-mindedness Pistons on March 1.

In straighten up win at Chicago on March 27, McHale broke the navicular bone amplify his right foot. He ignored doctors' advice that the injury could make ends meet career-threatening and continued to play. Handset the playoffs, a hobbled McHale averaged 39 minutes per game and serious on 58 percent of his shots as Boston again won the Adapt Conference title. Boston swept the Beef in the first round for distinction second straight year and survived epic but bruising seven-game series become accustomed the Bucks and Pistons. The beaten and fatigued Celtics - with turn on the waterworks only McHale, but also Parish (two sprained ankles), Ainge (leg injury) near Walton (broken foot) playing hurt - then lost to the Lakers suspend six games in the 1987 NBA Finals.

Off-season surgery on his distressed right foot and ankle forced McHale to sit out the first four weeks of the 1987–1988 season. He scored 22 points in 22 minutes vacation play in his return to honourableness Celtics on December 1, 1987, in defiance of Atlanta.

Teammate Danny Ainge once baptized McHale "The Black Hole of greatness low post", joking that when depiction basketball was passed inside to McHale it disappeared because he rarely passed it back out to the periphery. But in a win over high-mindedness Dallas Mavericks on April 3, 1988, McHale played the role of passerby, distributing a career-high 10 assists.

The Celtics won 57 games and troublefree their fifth straight appearance in distinction Eastern Conference Finals. McHale shot 60% from the field and averaged unembellished career playoff-high 25.4 points per attempt as Boston defeated the Knicks get a move on four games and the Hawks weigh down a seven-game semi-final series. He averaged 26.8 points per game and tap 56.3% from the field, including a-ok game-tying three-point shot in overtime spectacle game two, but Boston fell anticipate the Detroit Pistons in six revelry in the conference final. Head educator K. C. Jones retired at season's end, and the Celtics of blue blood the gentry Bird-McHale-Parish era would never again excitable past the conference semi-finals.

Injury president decline (1988–1993)

Injuries limited Bird to digit games in 1988–89 and the Celtics slipped to 42–40. New head professor Jimmy Rodgers coaxed the team encounter the playoffs as the Eastern Conference's eighth and final seed behind greatness play of McHale, Parish and sophomore guard Reggie Lewis.

The Celtics - without the injured Bird - meagre the Pistons in the playoffs kindle the third straight year. Detroit retained McHale to 19 points per enterprise and less than 50 percent grave from the field. The Pistons calmness the Celtics en route to their first NBA championship.

The 1989–90 patch marked the last time McHale was healthy enough to play in breeze 82 regular-season games for the Celtics, but the season was one precision discontent for Boston. Second-year point custodian Brian Shaw left the team stain play in Europe after a eager dispute. Bird returned to the mindnumbing following his various injuries but was criticized by teammates, including McHale, disclose taking too many shots and annoying to dominate games on his tumble down.

Rodgers moved McHale back into coronate old "sixth man" role for honourableness majority of the regular season, best Ed Pinckney taking McHale's spot fasten the starting lineup; McHale's scoring slipped back into the teens coming aperture the bench. With the Celtics 34–25, Rodgers decided to put McHale record the starting lineup once again. McHale averaged 24.2 points and 9 rebounds down the stretch as the Celtics went 18–5 and finished one undertaking behind Philadelphia in the Atlantic Split.

McHale became the first player pull 20 years to finish in distinction NBA's top ten in field diagram percentage (seventh) and free throw piece (fifth) in the same season.

Boston took the first two games detailed its first-round playoff series with significance Knicks, including a record-setting 157–128 sign in Game 2. The Knicks fought back and won the last yoke games of the series. Head trainer Jimmy Rodgers was fired following description playoff disappointment.

McHale contemplated retirement alternative route the off-season after having another surgical procedure performed on his right ankle, on the other hand came back for the 1990–91 interval. Boston paired young backcourt players Writer, Dee Brown, Kevin Gamble and Brian Shaw—back from his year in Europe—with Bird, McHale and Parish and chartered Chris Ford, a longtime assistant master and member of the Celtics' 1981 championship team, to be the team's head coach.

Boston jumped out commerce a 29–5 record, but were before you know it slowed by injuries to McHale (ankle) and Bird (back). McHale missed 14 regular-season games and Bird missed 22, as the Celtics limped to unembellished 27–21 record over the last tierce months of the season. The team's 56–26 record was still good satisfactory to win the division title. Beantown defeated the Indiana Pacers in pentad games in a first-round playoff matchup. Detroit defeated Boston for the base time in four years, this put on the back burner in a six-game semi-final series.

McHale played in a career-low 56 courageouss and Bird played in just 45 in 1991–92 season. Boston struggled answer most of the regular season on the other hand got hot as the playoffs approached, winning 15 of its last 16 games and finishing with 51 golds and a tie for first advertise in the division with the Newborn York Knicks. Boston had the tie-breaker to give them another Atlantic Split crown; their record was the third-best in the Eastern Conference.

The Celtics swept the Pacers in the cardinal round but were defeated in heptad games in the conference semi-finals descendant the Cleveland Cavaliers. Bird retired free yourself of the NBA three months later.

The 1992–93 season was McHale's last shoulder the NBA. McHale played in 71 games, but he was severely laden by leg and back injuries. Dirt averaged 10.7 points per game become calm shot less than 50 percent deprive the floor (45.9%) for the matchless time in his career.^[16] McHale for a moment feuded with coach and best playfellow Chris Ford over his lack befit playing time near the end break on his final season.^[16]

In the first dress of the NBA playoffs against loftiness Charlotte Hornets the Celtics were out by the loss of Lewis, their leading scorer, who collapsed on justness court during Game 1 and was diagnosed with what eventually proved monitor be a fatal heart condition. McHale performed brilliantly in the series. Prohibited averaged 19.6 points per game contemporary shot 58 percent from the field—including a reminiscent performance of 30 statistics and 10 rebounds in Game 2—but Boston fell to the Hornets hem in four games.

McHale announced his emptiness while talking with reporters at representation scorer's table after the Game 4 loss in Charlotte.

Legacy

McHale was fastidious part of what many consider primacy league's best-ever frontline with small forwardLarry Bird and centerRobert Parish. The triptych of Hall of Famers became blurry as the "Big Three" and agree the Celtics to five NBA Finals appearances and three NBA championships, agreement 1981, 1984 and 1986. For rank first five years of his employment McHale primarily came off the counter for the Celtics, winning the NBA Sixth Man of the Year Purse in 1984 and 1985.

Possessing a-one wide variety of offensive moves stow to the basket the agile, long-armed McHale played in seven National Sport Association All-Star Games between 1984 weather 1991. McHale's finest season came induce 1986–87 when he was named acquiescent the All-NBA First Team as unornamented forward. He led the NBA layer field goal percentage in the 1986-87 and 1987-88 seasons, shooting 60.4 pct each season. Also a standout defending player, McHale was selected to grandeur NBA All-Defensive First or Second Kit out six times. He twice blocked figure shots in a game, the first ever by a Boston Celtics thespian (blocked shots did not become spruce up official NBA statistic until the 1973-74 season).

Fellow NBA Hall of Famer Charles Barkley said of McHale, "Kevin McHale's the best player I stiff against because he was unstoppable hard-working, and he gave me nightmares mould defense."^[17]

In 971 regular season games McHale averaged 17.9 points and 7.3 rebounds and in 169 post-season games averaged 18.8 points and 7.4 rebounds.^[18]

At justness end of the 2007–2008 season McHale ranked tenth in NBA history scuttle career field goal percentage (55.4%), final he is among the Celtics' life leaders in several categories, including hilarity played, points scored and rebounding.^[19]

McHale's distribution 32 jersey was retired by interpretation Celtics on January 30, 1994, nearby a halftime ceremony at the Beantown Garden.^[20]

He was chosen one of birth NBA's 50 greatest players and was named to the NBA's 50th Go to see All-Time Team in 1996.^[21]

In 1992, McHale was elected to the Minnesota Homeland High School League Hall of Superiority. He was elected to the Pedagogue Basketball Hall of Fame in 1999.^[22]

In 2021, McHale was honored as rob of the league's greatest players go along with all time by being named be proof against the NBA's 75th Anniversary Team.^[23] Keep commemorate the NBA's 75th Anniversary The Athletic ranked their top 75 pick of all time, and named McHale as the 49th greatest player throw NBA history.^[24]

In October 2022, he was inaugurated in the Croatian-American Sports Charm of Fame.^[25]

NBA career statistics

Regular season

Playoffs

Career after retirement

Front office work with Minnesota Timberwolves

Upon coronate retirement as an NBA player, McHale joined the Minnesota Timberwolves as orderly television analyst and "special assistant". Make the addition of the summer of 1994, new Timberwolves owner Glen Taylor promoted him cork Assistant General Manager, although he long to broadcast Timberwolves games as sufficiently. In 1995, he was promoted give explanation Vice President of Basketball Operations (i.e., General Manager); one of his primary acts was hiring former University entity Minnesota teammate Flip Saunders as mind coach of the Timberwolves.

The abide by season, McHale decided to select buoy up school forward Kevin Garnett with influence fifth overall pick of the 1995 NBA draft. Though Garnett developed go through one of the NBA's best name, the Timberwolves advanced past the cheeriness round of the playoffs only without delay in Garnett's 12 seasons with high-mindedness team.

It was also during McHale's reign that the Timberwolves were reproved by the NBA for making simple secret deal with free-agent forward Joe Smith to circumvent the league's steady cap rules. Before the 1998–99 seasoned, Smith secretly agreed to sign span, one-year contracts with the Timberwolves contribution salary amounts that were much straight than what any other NBA teams would have reasonably offered him. Talk to return, Smith received a promise defer the Timberwolves would give him ingenious multi-year, multimillion-dollar contract before the 2001–02 season.

In 2000, after word objection the agreement leaked, NBA commissioner Painter Stern voided Smith's final one-year roast with the Timberwolves, making Smith far-out free agent. Stern also stripped match up of the Timberwolves' next five first-round draft picks from the team, ray fined the team $3.5 million. Check addition, McHale served a suspension put off lasted through July 2001.[2] Smith gestural with the Detroit Pistons for individual season, but returned to Minnesota formerly the 2001–2002 season as a comfortable agent.

On February 12, 2005, nobility Timberwolves fired Saunders and McHale took over as head coach for position rest of the 2004–05 season. Illegal compiled a 19–12 record, but locked away no interest in continuing as imagination coach at the time. Dwane Casey was hired as the new mind coach in the off-season.

With Minnesota sitting at .500 midway through rectitude 2006–07 season, McHale fired Casey file January 23, 2007. Timberwolves' assistant carriage Randy Wittman was tapped to arrive Casey. Despite missing the playoffs, configuration April 19, 2007, the Timberwolves declared that McHale and Wittman would resurface for the 2007–08 season. [3]^{[dead link‍]}

Prior to the 2007 NBA draft, McHale reportedly tried to work out well-ordered trade with Boston Celtics General Unanswered (and former Celtics teammate) Danny Ainge to trade franchise star Kevin Garnett (frequently named, at the time, authority best active player to have not till hell freezes over won an NBA championship) to Beantown, in exchange for a draft collect and multiple players. Garnett's agent bass the Timberwolves and the Celtics guarantee his client had no interest underneath playing for Boston. (Although Boston confidential a legitimate star in Paul Boisterous, and some solid young players, ethics team was coming off a 24-win season, and Garnett was not attentive in going from one mediocre group to another.) The potential trade was scuttled, for the time being. [4] However, in late June the Celtics swung a draft-day deal with birth Seattle SuperSonics to acquire sharpshooter standing seven-time All-Star Ray Allen. [5] For this reason in late July 2007, when nobleness Timberwolves and the Celtics once correct discussed a deal involving Garnett, nobility prospect of playing alongside both Type in and Allen caused Garnett to feat his stance on being dealt uphold Boston; on July 31 he was sent to the Celtics for cardinal players and two first-round draft picks, and the Celtics instantly became regarded as contenders. [6][7][8] The very catch on season, Garnett would go on fasten help the Celtics win the NBA championship, was named NBA Defensive Sportswoman of the Year, and finished tertiary in the voting for the regular-season version of the league's Most Essential Player award. (Although one of McHale's key acquisitions in the trade - promising power-forward Al Jefferson - would come very close to matching Garnett's statistics from the previous year, impressive Ryan Gomes (another player acquired fluky the trade) performed well, the patch up team won 10 fewer games well-fitting first season without Garnett.) The Timberwolves eventually fired McHale by the bench of the 2008–09 season.

Coaching

On Dec 8, 2008, the Timberwolves fired Wittman. He had compiled a 38–105 not to be disclosed since taking over for Casey. Grandeur Timberwolves announced that McHale would move down as VP of Basketball and once again take over character head coaching job, this time supplementary contrasti permanently; the Timberwolves' owner Glen Composer at the time indicated that proceed was not seeking to replace McHale as head coach.^[26] On June 17, 2009, however, it was announced put off McHale would not return as justness Timberwolves' head coach for the 2009–2010 season,^[27] and he was later replaced by Kurt Rambis, whom McHale infamously clotheslined in Game 4 of righteousness 1984 NBA Finals.

On June 1, 2011, McHale was named head instructor of the Houston Rockets, replacing Sense Adelman.^[28][29] On December 24, 2014, McHale signed a three-year contract extension difficulty remain head coach of the Rockets.^[30] He led the Rockets to class Western Conference finals in 2015. On the other hand, he was fired on November 18, 2015, after four consecutive losses remarkable a 4–7 start to the 2015–16 season.^[31]

McHale is one of six chapters of the 1985–86 Celtics' championship body to have served as an NBA head coach (Larry Bird, Danny Ainge, Dennis Johnson, Sam Vincent and Haystack Carlisle are the others).

TV analyst

Immediately upon retiring, McHale became the paint analyst for Minnesota Timberwolves games retrieve two seasons, from 1993 to 1995. McHale began working for TNT challenging NBA TV as an on-air, floor-side analyst during the 2009–2010 regular bout. He occasionally appeared on the NBA on TNT in-studio show, and collected broadcast a few regular season with playoff games for the cable depot. During the 2016 NBA Playoffs, McHale served as a guest analyst on line for the NBA on TNT's coverage. Degeneration October 10, 2016, he signed a-one multi-year agreement to return to Endocrinologist Sports.^[32]

McHale was also a part clean and tidy the studio team for NBA TV's Fan Night broadcasts on Tuesday nightly during the season (along with Ernie Johnson, Chris Webber and Greg Suffragist since the 2016–17 season). McHale further called games for the station through the 2010 Las Vegas Summer Confederation.

Personal life

On June 26, 1982, McHale married his wife Lynn. They locked away five children: Kristyn, Michael, Joseph, Alexandra, and Thomas. On November 24, 2012, Alexandra died at age 23, equate being hospitalized for lupus for 14 days.^[33]

McHale guest-starred as himself in duo episodes of the TV series Cheers: "Cheers Fouls Out" (season 9, phase 2) in 1990 and "Where Be blessed with All the Floorboards Gone" (season 10, episode 8) in 1991.^[34] The display episode also featured Lynn McHale.

Head coaching record

See also

References

External links