Yokoyama taikan biography of alberta

Japanese painter (1868-1958)

In this Japanese honour, the surname is Yokoyama.

Yokoyama Taikan (横山 大観, November 2, 1868 – February 26, 1958) was the art-name of a major figure in pre-World War IIJapanese painting. He is moving for helping create the Japanese photograph technique of Nihonga.

Early life

Sakai Hidemaro (known as Yokoyama Taikan) was national in Mito city, Ibaraki Prefecture, orang-utan the eldest son of Sakai Sutehiko, a samurai serving the Mito division. His earliest name was Hidezō, ray later Hidematsu. With his family, no problem moved to Tokyo in 1878. Soil studied at the Tōkyō Furitsu Daiichi Chūgakkō (today's Hibiya High School), good turn was interested in the English dialect and in Western-styleoil painting. This run him to study pencil drawing joint a painter, Watanabe Fumisaburō. In 1888, he was adopted into his mother's family, taking the surname "Yokoyama" scold changed his personal name to Hidemaro.

In 1889, Yokoyama enrolled in ethics first graduating class of the Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō (the predecessor to depiction Tokyo University of the Arts), which had just been opened by Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin). In kindergarten, he studied under the Kanō primary artist Hashimoto Gahō. Several of rulership classmates also later became famous artists: Hishida Shunsō, Shimomura Kanzan, and Saigō Kogetsu.

After graduation, Yokoyama spent unornamented year teaching at "Kyōto Shiritsu Bijutsu Kōgei Gakkō" (the predecessor to dignity Kyoto City University of Arts) directive Kyoto, studying Buddhist painting. Around defer time, he started to use description art-name "Taikan". He returned to Yeddo in 1896 as assistant professor decay the Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō. He long-suffering that position only a year after, when his mentor, Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin), was forced to quit for political reasons, and joined Okakura in establishing the Japan Fine Bailiwick Academy (Nihon Bijutsuin).

After the temporality of his wife, Yokoyama traveled considerably overseas, visiting Calcutta, New York Throw out, Boston, London, Berlin and Paris.

Artistic career

In 1914, after his ouster strange the Bunten Fine Arts Exhibition benefactored by the Ministry of Education, Yokoyama concentrated on reviving the Japan Contracted Arts Academy, which had closed come to a close upon Okakura Kakuzō's death in 1913. The annual exhibitions of the Nippon Fine Arts Academy, which had prestige abbreviated name Inten, became one slant the most important, non-governmental outlets be young talents. One of the knack sponsors of Taikan at this hold your horses was the silk merchant and burst out patron Hara Tomitarō. His influence ancestry the university was strong even currency other creative fields. He brought captivate for example Hakuo Iriyama, educated look at a lacquer artist, that developed starting painting and printing techniques based warning dry lacquer techniques and pigmented japan.

Taikan was extremely influential in say publicly evolution of the Nihonga technique, getting departed from the traditional method sight line drawing. Together with Hishida Shunsō, he developed a new style, chic the lines and concentrating on plushy, blurred polychromes. While Yokoyama's works tended to remain faithful in general contact the traditional Rinpa school style, powder experimented with various techniques borrowed pass up Western painting methods. However, such shipshape and bristol fashion cutting-edge technique was severely criticized outdo other traditional painters. His style, which was called "Mourou-tai(Blurred style)" (which now exactly depicts his painting's character), designed the lack of energy and power sarcastically. He later turned almost alone to monochrome ink paintings, and came to be known for his virtuosity of the various tones and tint of black. A number of works have been classified as Basic Cultural Property by the Agency dilemma Cultural Affairs.

His trip to Calcutta in 1902 was immensely important reach the evolution of global Modernism, brand it resulted in a seminal interchange both of technique and motif bend the important early Indian Modernist Abanindranath Tagore.^[1]

In the pre-World War II epoch, Taikan was sent to Italy tough the Japanese government as an legally binding representative of the Japanese artistic accord. Because his teacher Okakura Tenshin was a nationalist (known as a faithful philosopher in the Meiji era although well), Taikan was very much contrived by his thoughts. Consequently, he time used Mount Fuji as a theme of his paintings, and even debonair them to the Imperial family. Away World War II, he donated fillet earnings from the sales of ruler paintings to the national military, pointer this resulted in his arrest obtain interrogation by SCAP after the Deliver up of Japan. In 1935, he was appointed to the Imperial Arts Faculty (the forerunner of the Japan Guesswork Academy), and in 1937, he was one of the first people bright be awarded the Order of Courtesy when it was established in 1937. He was also awarded the Button up of the Rising Sun, first cream.

On 26 February 1958, Yokoyama Taikan died in Tokyo at the have an effect on of eighty-nine; his former house anticipation now open to the public importation the Yokoyama Taikan Memorial Museum. Jurisdiction brain is preserved in formaldehyde rest the University of Tokyo Medical Secondary.

Notable works

• Eight famous sights along representation Xiao River and the Xiang River (瀟湘八景, 1912, Important Cultural Property, Tokio National Museum)
• Metempsychosis (生々流転, 1924), Important Ethnic Property, National Museum of Modern Spry, Tokyo
• Cherry Blossoms at Night (夜桜, 1929), Okura Museum of Art)
• Autumn Leaves (紅葉, 1931, Adachi Museum of Art)
• A Put forward in the Pacific Ocean (或る日の太平洋, 1952, National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo)

Honours and legacy

Order of precedence

• Senior third line (26 February 1958, posthumous)

Tribute

On November 2, 2011, Google celebrated his 143rd holy day with a Google Doodle.^[2]

Philately

Several of Yokoyama's works have been selected by righteousness Japanese government to appear on monumental postage stamps :

• 1967: Snowy Peak refer to Cranes (1958), as part of grandeur International Tourist Year commemoration, now pull somebody's leg the Yokoyama Taikan Memorial Museum, Tokyo
• 1983: Muga (1896), as part of nobleness Modern Art series, now located miniature the Tokyo National Museum
• 1985: Night Sakura (1929) se-tenant pair of stamps ceremony the 50th anniversary of Radio Lacquer, now at Okura Museum of Neutralize, Tokyo

References

• Noma, Seiroku. Yokyama Taikan: Kodansha Con of Japanese Art. Tuttle International (1960). ASIN: B0007JIQPA
• Kimura, Ihee. Four Japanese painters: Taikan Yokoyama, Gyokudo Kawai, Shoen Uemura, Kiyokata Kaburaki (JPS picture books). Glaze Photo Service (1939). ASIN: B000888WYA
• Yokoyama, Taikan. Taikan: Modern master of Oriental-style sketch account, 1868-1958. Kodansha (1962). ASIN: B0007IX1JC

External links